Axion Dark Matter: Exploring the Unknown with Quantum Sensors (2026)

The quest for understanding dark matter, an elusive component of our universe, has led scientists to explore innovative methods. One such approach involves utilizing distributed intercity quantum sensors to place constraints on axion dark matter. This method offers a unique perspective, and its implications are intriguing.

The history of dark matter research, as outlined by Bertone and Hooper, provides a foundation for understanding the current efforts. Pospelov et al. delve into the detection of domain walls in axion-like models, a crucial aspect of this field. Afach et al. and Derevianko et al. contribute to the search for topological defect dark matter, employing global networks of optical magnetometers and atomic clocks, respectively.

Buschmann et al. set an upper limit on the QCD axion mass, while Gorenstein and Tucker explore the astronomical signatures of dark matter. DeMille et al. and Safronova et al. highlight the potential of tabletop-scale experiments and atoms/molecules in probing new physics.

The direct detection of dark matter is a challenging endeavor, as evidenced by Liu et al. and Ferreira. Arcadi et al. question the waning of the WIMP paradigm, while O'Hare introduces a new definition of the neutrino floor. Chadha-Day et al. provide an insightful overview of axion dark matter and its current status.

The theoretical foundations of axions are explored by Wilczek and Weinberg, with Kim and Carosi delving into the strong CP problem. Irastorza and Redondo discuss new experimental approaches for axion-like particle searches, while Svrcek and Witten examine axions in string theory.

Kawasaki et al. and Raffelt contribute to our understanding of axion dark matter from topological defects and astrophysical axion bounds, respectively. Jiang et al. and Wang et al. utilize spin-based amplifiers in their search for axion-like dark matter. Budker et al. propose a cosmic axion spin precession experiment (CASPEr), while Garcon et al. place constraints on bosonic dark matter using ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance.

Bhusal et al. search for solar axions, Carenza et al. improve axion emissivity from supernovae, and DeRocco et al. explore stellar cooling constraints on light particles. Bar et al. question the supernova bound on axions, while van den Bergh provides insights into the rarity of supernovae.

Afach et al. discuss the capabilities of the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME), while Yang et al. employ a cesium atomic comagnetometer to search for topological defects. Khamis et al. utilize a global magnetometer network for a multimessenger search, and Gavilan-Martin et al. explore dark matter detection with a spin-based interferometer.

Wang et al. search for exotic parity-violation interactions, Roberts et al. utilize atomic clocks on GPS satellites, and Walker and Happer discuss spin-exchange optical pumping. Owen and Sathyaprakash delve into matched filtering of gravitational waves, while Wainstein and Zubakov provide insights into signal extraction from noise.

Aybas et al. employ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance for axionlike dark matter searches, Brubaker et al. detail the HAYSTAC axion search analysis, and Kimball explores nuclear spin content and exotic spin-dependent couplings. Catena and Ullio, Bovy and Tremaine, and Sivertsson et al. contribute to our understanding of the local dark matter density.

Huang et al. propose hunting for exotic bosons with flying quantum sensors in space, Kornack et al. develop a nuclear spin gyroscope based on an atomic comagnetometer, and Shaham et al. achieve strong coupling of alkali-metal spins to noble-gas spins. Braaten and Zhang provide a colloquium on axion stars, Buschmann et al. explore dark matter from axion strings, and Kimball et al. search for axion stars and Q-balls.

Kusenko and Steinhardt introduce Q-ball candidates for self-interacting dark matter, Centers et al. study stochastic fluctuations of bosonic dark matter, and Banerjee et al. discuss relaxion stars and their detection via atomic physics. Wu et al. utilize a liquid-state nuclear spin comagnetometer, Abel et al. explore nuclear spin precession, and Dailey et al. propose quantum sensor networks as exotic field telescopes.

In conclusion, the use of distributed intercity quantum sensors to constrain axion dark matter offers a unique and promising avenue for dark matter research. The diverse range of approaches and experiments highlighted here showcases the creativity and dedication of scientists in their pursuit of understanding the nature of dark matter.

Axion Dark Matter: Exploring the Unknown with Quantum Sensors (2026)

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